World Class Soccer :: essays research papers

For many years, sports have grown up to be the main entertainment for many of it’s fans around the world. Because of it’s popularity, the intensity intends to grow more and more witch leads sometimes to violent acts by certain athletes, but how far are these athletes willing to go. Lately, intensity has led to violence acts that surpassed expectations and leaving the owners with a lot of thinking do. Through out my composition, I will talk about hockey incidents, soccer violence and fan conflicts. First of all, I will talk about violence in the most popular sport in North America, hockey. This sport was always known for it’s roughness, that’s part of the excitement. Lately, it has grown more then just rough play, incidents are now causing serious life threatening injury’s. This year, violence has taken a step further, with concussions increasing and foolish gestures becoming more chronic to the players. Many superstar athletes have been sidelined for most of the present regular seasons due to concussions, popular names such as Erick Lindros, Paul Karya, Donald Brashear†¦ have been bothered by those injury’s. What really got the attention this year was the violent acts. A month ago, Marty Mcsorley of the Boston Bruins shocked the world by hitting another player in the face with his stick leaving him unconscious on the ice. For that, the foolish defenseman was suspended for the rest of the season and purchased by the state police. If violence con tinues to dominate this beautiful sport, other precautions will be taken. Second of all, I will proceed with soccer violence. In European soccer, it’s simple, the superstar athletes are always picked on.

Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Section A: COMPULSORY Answer ALL questions 1-12 1. A resistance temperature device has a resistance R0 = 100 ? at 0o C. If the resistance RT = 197. 7 ? in an oil bath, what is the temperature of the oil in the bath, given that RT = R0(1+? T)? Take R0 = 100 ? R0 = resistance at 0o C ? = 3. 9083 x 10-3 /o C (2 marks) NDE Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Exam 2008 Name: _______________________________________ Read all the instructions before starting Do not open this paper until instructed Time allowed: 2 hours (plus 5 minutes reading time) Attempt ALL question in Section A (questions 1 – 12) Attempt any TWO from Section B (questions 13-15) Answer the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. Use the back of the previous page if required. If you attempted all three questions in section B, then cross out the question you don’t want marked. The marker will mark the first 2 questions not crossed out. Show all relevant working. Marks will be awarded for method as well as correct answers Add your name to the top of this page 3. A steel shaft has a diameter of 25. 0 mm at 20 °C. A brass retaining collar has an internal diameter 24. 95 mm at the same temperature. If the shaft is cooled to 0 °C, find the temperature to which the retaining collar must be heated if is to have a clearance of 0. 10 mm when it is fitted to the shaft. Take ? Steel = 12 x 10-6 /oCand ? Brass = 19 x 10-6 /oC. (4 marks) 2. A steel casting (C = 460 J/kgK) of mass 2. 4 kg is cooled from 350 °C by placing in a container of 12 kg of water (C = 4200 J/kgK) at 18 °C. Assuming no heat is transferred to the container, calculate the final temperature. (4 marks) Instructions: Attachments: Marking: Formulae, saturated water tables Individual marks are shown on each question. There are a total of 70 marks representing 50% of your final mark in this subject. A minimum of 40% in this exam is a requirement for course completion Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 2 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 4. Heat was added to 10 kg of saturated liquid water at a pressure of 2 bar at the rate of 20 kW for 10 minutes. Given the following information from the saturated water table, and assuming perfect insulation: hf = 505 kJ/kg, hfg = 2202 kJ/kg, hg = 2707 kJ/kg, Ts = 120. 2 °C a. Find the dryness fraction of the steam after the initial 10 minutes. (4 marks) 5. For the complete combustion of acetylene, C2H2: a. Write down the balanced combustion equation (2 marks) b. Determine the stoichiometric air to fuel mass ratio (5 marks) Atomic weights: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, N = 14 Air composition: 23% oxygen, 77% nitrogen (by mass) . Calculate the time (in minutes and seconds) for which the steam must be heated at the same rate in order to become fully dry. (3 marks) 6. Prepare a labelled sketch of a manometer inclined at 5o to a horizontal datum. If the manometer contains oil with a density of 800 kg / m3, and a change in the pressure applied to it is 50 Pa, find the oil deflection in mm. (4 ma rks) O f il de lect ion 5o Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 3 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 4 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 7. Explain for the Seebeck effect and how it may be applied to temperature measurement. (3 marks) 10. Find the total heat transfer, per m2, through the wall shown below. Neglect radiation. Air temperature –5 °C h = 10 W/m2K Brick 70 mm thick k = 2. 3 W/mK Air Gap R = 1. 5 m2K/W (5 marks) Surface temperature 25 °C Gib 9 mm k = 0. 1 W/mK 8. The non-flow energy equation is given as Q – W= ? U. State the equation as it applies to: a. Isothermal b. Polytropic, and c. Adiabatic processes . (3 marks) 9. 50 litres of oxygen at 200C has a pressure of 850 kPa (abs). Find the pressure if its volume is reduced to 100 litres at: a. constant temperature Batts R = 2. 2 b. 850C 11. A chilly bin is 400 mm long, 200 mm high, 200 mm deep and is made from material 2 cm thick with a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0. 028. The chilly bin contains ice – how much ice will melt in eigh t hours if the ambient air temperature is 300C? Take enthalpy of fusion for water as 335 kJ/kg. (5 marks) (5 marks) Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 5 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 6 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 12. Air is compressed from 99 kPaABS, 20 °C and 1. 5 litres to a volume of 0. 2 litres (5 marks) according to the law PV1. 25 = C. Find the following; a. Determine the mass of the gas Section B Answer any TWO questions from questions 13-15 13. A steam pipe is 75 mm external diameter and is 80 m long. It conveys steam at a rate of 1000 kg/h at a pressure of 2 Mpa. The steam enters the pipe with a dryness fraction of 0. 8 and is to leave the pipe with a dryness of not less than 0. 96. The pipe must be insulated – the material to be used has a thermal coefficient of conductivity of 0. 08 W/mK. If the temperature drop across the pipe is negligible, find the minimum thickness of insulation required to meet the conditions. The temperature at the outer surface of the insulation is 27 0C. (10 marks ) b. Determine the final pressure c. Determine the final temperature End of Compulsory section. Answer only TWO of the remaining questions. Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 7 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 8 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Answer question 13 here 14. A one-shell-pass, eight-tube-passes heat exchanger is used to heat glycerine from 25oC to 60oC at mass flow rate of 3000 kg /h. The heating liquid is water which enters the thin-walled, 12 mm diameter tubes at 90oC with a mass flow rate of 26 kg / min. On the shell side the convective heat transfer coefficient is 2000 W / m2 K and on the water side the corresponding value is 2400 W / m2K. After some time in operation a fouling factor of 0. 0004 m2 K / W develops on the outer tube surfaces. Take cGLYCERINE = 2. 43 kJ / kg K and cWATER = 4. 2 kJ / kg K. Calculate: Glycerine in Water Glycerine out a. The rate of heat transfer in the device before fouling occurs. (1 mark) b. Outlet temperature of water. (2 marks) c. Log mean temperature difference (LMTD). (2 marks) d. Coefficient of heat transfer after fouling has developed. (2 marks) e. Total length of tube required, using â€Å"dirty† coefficient of heat transfer (3 marks) Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 9 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 10 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Answer question 14 here Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 11 Thermo exam November 2008 final . doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 12 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Answer question 15 here 15. Argon gas flows steadily through a turbine. The flow is entirely adiabatic. Entry conditions are 900 kPaABS at 450o C with a velocity of 80 m/s through an inlet measuring 75 mm x 80 mm. Argon leaves the turbine at 150 kPaABS at a velocity of 150 m/s. Work output from the turbine is 250 kW. Given the following ideal gas properties for argon R = 208. 1 J /kg K and cp = 520. 3 J /kg K, find: a. Mass flow of argon Inlet 75 mm x 80 mm p = 900 kPaABS T = 450oC V = 80 m/s 250 kW p = 150 kPaABS V = 150 m/s (3 marks) b. Outlet temperature of the gas. Assume change of height negligible. 7 marks) Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 13 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 14 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Extra page for working if required Saturated water properties Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep -08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 15 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 16 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Formulary PV = mRT Q kA't x P1V 1 = P2 V 2 T1 T2 Saturated water properties P V1n 1 P 2 V2 n n 1 Q hA't A't R T1 T2  §P · ? 1? ?P ?  © 2? n 1 n  § V2  · ? ? ? V ?  © 1? Q R CP CV Q UA't 1 1 J W cp cv PV1 P2V2 1 n 1  ¦ 1  ¦ W  §V  · ? ? PV ln ? 2 ?  © V1 ? Q ‘ l = loD'T Q = m ‘h Q = m c ‘T ‘U P= Q 2? l't ?  § ro  · ?  « ln ? ?  » ? r ?  ¦  «  ©k i ?  »  «  »  «  »  «  »  ¬ ? 2S rlk ‘t x mcv ‘T F A for all processes Q Q H V AT 4 hA'T 5. 67 x10 8 P Ugh ‘U W OUTPUT 100 INPUT Q V W m2 K 4 K= Q UA't Mean t Mean ? 1 ? 2  §?  · ln ? 1 ? ?  © 2? 2  § V2 V12 m? h2 h1 ? 2  © T1 m h2 h1 S. T. P. = 0 °C and 101. 3 kPa N. T. P. = 15 °C and 101. 3 kPa Cwater = 4200 J/kgK For Air Cp = 1005 J/kgK Cv = 718 J/kgK R = 287 J/kgK ? =1. 4 Q W mc p T2 g z2  · z1 ? ? ? Thermo exam N ovember 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 17 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 18 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 19

Thesis Guidelines

How To Make A Baby Thesis? Or The Format Of A Baby Thesis A baby thesis is like a shortened version of your final, completed thesis. As a result, it contains less parts or sections that a full thesis. However, just because a baby thesis is shorter, and therefore takes less time to write, than a completed thesis, this does not mean you should put less effort into your baby thesis. Writing a strong, well-written baby thesis is important, as it can act as your foundation for your completed thesis. A baby thesis must contain a number of features: Table of Contents A table of contents should show to the reader exactly where the specific sections are within your thesis. Each of the main headings, and any subheadings associated with these, should be listed in your table of contents, along with the page number on which the headings can be found. Introduction An introduction should be imaginative and compelling, and should make your reader care about the information in the rest of your thesis, inspiring them to read on. However, it must also contain a number of facts, such as the aim of your thesis, what inspired your thesis in the first place, and any work done in the past by you or other which you are building upon in your thesis. Findings and analysis This section is fairly self-explanatory – it should contain the raw data which you gained from your investigation, and an explanation of what this data means for your thesis. Recommendations Recommendations should be aimed at any researchers or scholars such as yourself who are investigating the same topic as the one covered in your thesis. It should contain any advice on how to make your investigation more effective or accurate, and advice on how to carry out similar investigations. Conclusion The conclusion of your thesis should be an in-depth summary of your most significant findings, and what these findings mean. It should also be linked to the initial question or statement posed by your thesis, in order to create a fluid and flowing piece of text. *************************************************************************************