Account for the Geographical Characteristics of the Southern Chesapeake colonies at the end of the eighteenth century

The Southern Chesapeake states comprise of Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina and Georgia. The settlement of the Southern Colonies began at Jamestown Virginia and it was driven by Captain John Smith who likewise turned into the main Governor of Virginia. The Southern and Northern Settlements both grew up for various reasons. While the Northern repayments grew up to look for shelter from Religious mistreatment (Jenkins, P, 1997) the Southern Colonists went out to bring in cash and produce merchandise for England, basically Mediterranean products, for example, citrus natural products, wines and silk. Richard Hakluyt, who was a geographer for the court of James first and consultant to the London Plymouth Company, exhorted that the Southern Colonies would be perfect spot to settle. Anyway his decision of settlement depended absolutely on suspicions and it was not considered the East shoreline of a nation was totally different toward the West coast (Mitchell, R, D, 1983). Accordingly tobacco turned into the staple harvest and Virginia, which has been depicted as developing from smoke. This paper will take a gander at how the Southern provinces kept on developing during the eighteenth Century and the land attributes of that development. Toward the beginning of the eighteenth century the number of inhabitants in the settlements was just 250,000, anyway by 1785 this had ascended to around 2. 5 million. The populace was developing quick and by 1820 the number of inhabitants in the United States had surpassed Britain. Because of the quick blast of the populace, it had to disseminate over a more prominent region of land. In the Southern states the populace involved practically the entirety of the land east of the Appalachians, which included numerous fruitful mountain valleys, perfect for developing yields and raising creatures (McIlwraith, T. F, et al, 2001). After around 1740 Maryland and Virginia experienced settlement change. The Piedomont and Great Valley locales loaded up with pioneers that imitated the Northern states with a blend of grain and animals cultivating. The number of inhabitants in the South was quickly expanding yet it was still predominately provincial as individuals took up more land than they really required. This was because of the way that there was a major desire for responsibility for at that point and it was attractive to claim land. In 1786, 3 years after the Treaty of Paris, there was a flood to guarantee it as there was a cadastrol review of the land, by the Land Ordnance. Middleton, R, 2002). Individuals needed to guarantee the land before it was overviewed with the expectation that they could guarantee the rights to it. The urbanization of the Chesapeake district up to the 1700's had been slight, as it had been developed as a divided and rustic culture. Instead of the North, who were there to be free from England, the Southern Colonies were there to create merchandise for England and the remainder of the world. Thomas Jefferson said â€Å"We have no Towns of any significance† (Thomas Jeffereson, 1801), in light of how divided the Chesapeake society was and on the grounds that there was next to no social union. Thomas Jefferson recommended that the land be separated into square shapes and the land, alongside the title, be offered allowed to the yeomanary (Earle, C, 2003). Anyway this isn't the way it occurred, and Congress mediated demanding that land would be sold so as to deliver income for Government. Therefore, examiners, land organizations and people peered toward clear town destinations, streams, fording focuses, intersections of two waterways, harbors and protective places that lay well in front of the boondocks and overviewed land. Real Settlers, as they were known, were stood up to by irate locals distraught at their territory being hunched down on by these hopefuls. Subsequently fights resulted and the military was brought in to implement request and now and again remove pioneers from the land that they had attempted to lay case as well. The South, which was overwhelmed by a work escalated rural framework, had an any longer developing season than the Northern Colonies. Because of this they persuaded themselves regarding the requirement for slave work and kept on utilizing imported slaves well into the nineteenth Century (McIlwraith, T. F, et al, 2001). Slaves were a main consideration behind the development of the South, without them there would have been an extraordinary lack of work. Manor proprietors found that slaves were modest when contrasted with contracted work. This was work that would work for their manager for a set number of years and afterward be allowed to proceed to work any place they needed. The expense to an estate proprietor of a free white hireling would be around i20 every year. For an extra i7-8 a grower could have â€Å"a slave forever! † (Middleton, R, 2002). This dependence on slaves left the South with an incompetent work power, the full effect of this not being felt until the beginning of the modern upset in the nineteenth century. In the South gifted laborers like smiths, joiners, wheelwrights and calfskin laborers were all moving out to the field to become manor proprietors. The cost of free work constrained individuals into this (Middleton, R 2002). In addition to the fact that it was a gifted work power that was missing there was an absence of vendors, merchants and artificers, these individuals being essential in sending out and selling the products. Anyway this didn't cause an issue in the tobacco locale of Virginia since they traded legitimately from their ranches. It was is the Carolinas that this absence of traders was obvious on the grounds that they didn't send from their own estates however needed to move their merchandise to focal distribution centers. As the Southern states embraced a progressively northern way to deal with agribusiness, the requirement for slave work ought to have been diminished, yet this was not the situation because of the way that there was a major interest for cotton, which was work serious. This was an aftereffect of the transformation in America and the modern upset in Britain, This bigly affected the business in the southern provinces both socially and spatially. One part of this industrialisation procedure was the iron business. In 1775 the frontier iron industry turned out 15% of world creation (McIlwraith, T. F, 2001). The land impacts of iron was swamp mineral, which was utilized to deliver the iron, which was diminished in heaters. These heaters were warmed by hardwood, situated in the slope nation, which was sliced to make charcoal. The proprietors had the option to control huge territories of forest and furthermore impact settlement because of the immense interest that the iron business had on work. The items that they created remained predominantly in America however it was significant procedure in the industrialisation of America. Another viewpoint was the tremendous interest for cotton and Britain turned into a significant shipper of American Cotton. The cotton business had its causes in the seaside districts of South Carolina. Money crops like Rice, Indigo and cotton were ranch crops developed on the chain of Sea Islands arranged along the shore of South Carolina and Georgia (McIlwraith, T,F, et al, 2001). Anyway because of market and ecological components rice and indigo immediately evaporated as money crops however as repayments moved further inland it was cotton that was regarded to be the staple harvest. It was fit well to the atmosphere and the dirt conditions and the individuals promptly misused this by mono editing. By doing this they were never allowing the dirt to recoup and its suggestion on settlements was that it drove them further and further west looking for quality rich land. Further South stood the capital, Charleston, which was built up in 1692. Initially it encountered moderate development however from around 1730 onwards it consistently developed and by 1775 the populace had developed to 12,000. Charleston, South Carolina, turned into the main port and exchanging focal point of the South. There the pilgrims immediately figured out how to consolidate farming and trade, and the commercial center turned into a significant wellspring of flourishing. The maritime stores industry was imperative toward the Southern Colonies. The South was a territory that had a rich flexibly of pine trees, pitch, tar and gum that was required by the Royal Navy (Knox, P et al, 1998). It had the option to give the absolute best boat building materials on the planet. Up until the eighteenth century the Royal naval force had gotten its provisions from the Baltic, however because of vulnerabilities of gracefully they changed their source to the Carolinas. The creation before long moved to North Carolina as rice creation was the fate of more prominent significance in South Carolina. In contrast to Virginia, the Carolinas were not bound to a solitary harvest, making them an all the more monetarily solid region to settle. The land empowered them to remove crude materials yet in addition develop products that could be sent out. Because of the Carolinas creating various yields, and the need to continue proceeding onward, there was a distinction in the sort settlements that developed. As opposed to South Carolina, the urbanization of North Carolina was exceptionally slight and it was just a not many inland regions that urbanized, a model being Salem, while its seaside territories, for example, Wilmington, stayed extremely little. This can be put down to the way that North Carolina was not focusing on a harvest however removing crude materials, so development would have been customary (Earle, C, 1992). The late eighteenth Century southern provinces can be described from various perspectives geologically. At Virginia, the major topographical trademark was the land. The Jamestown Settlement was made up as a benefit orientated exchanging station instead of a socially firm agrarian settlement. Individuals expected to develop tobacco to offer to England, so the rich grower had a ton of authority over society. This implied their estates bent over as urban spots offering numerous administrations that you would hope to discover (Middleton, R (2002). Further South, just as the need of land for the cotton business, was the need of the crude materials, required for the maritime business. Because of the high utilization of slave work, rurality of the settlements was not an issue. On the off chance that work was short they imported it, the

Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shellys Frankenstein Essay The chief has made it understood to the crowd that the film will be about existence and passing by having a sculpture of Jesus nearly toppling over, close to an enormous figure of the messenger of death speaking to death. At the point when Frankenstein is uncovering the grave, he tosses soil over the sculpture, maybe speaking to how he has no regard for death. The props and outfits are utilized mirror the setting and climate. Dr. Frankensteins garments vary from the remainder of the cast, wearing a cravat and white shirt; the executive may have done this to speak to his higher status in the public arena, contrasted with the grievers or Frankensteins hunchback colleague. In Branaghs film the ensembles are altogether fundamentally the same as, they have no significant impact in the initial four minutes contemplated. Anyway they help to keep in with the mono shade of the ice and pale countenances. These flat hues make an obvious and emotional differentiation to the splendid red blood which goes ahead screen when the beasts hand significantly shows up. The make up worn by the characters in Whales film is overwhelming, articulated and dramatic; planned with the goal that individuals in the performance center could see the appearances from far away, yet on camera it looks overstated and over the top. Branagh has utilized make-up inconspicuously and all things considered, making red cheeks to show cold conditions nearby muddled hair and bristly faces to speak to the timeframe since the characters have been close to human progress. Whales showy past proposes why all the outward appearances and developments are noticeable and misrepresented. In spite of the fact that Branagh likewise has a recognized history in theater, Whale was working in the beginnings of Hollywood when film was depicted a lot of like venue on screen. In the principal close ups of Fritz and Frankenstein they are both wide-looked at which implies cliché insane lab rats and the two characters creep around the cemetery with emotional stage murmurs. The outward appearances and feelings in Branaghs Frankenstein are far more subtle and it is because of this reality that there is significantly more change in feeling over a short space of time. During a couple of moments, the declarations of one character changed from dread, to pride, to fixation and afterward outrage. This feeling change is somewhat misrepresented to allow the crowd to draw in and identify with the characters. One way that Branagh lets the crowd utilize their creative mind is by his utilization of situating inside the casing. Most shots are firmly edited to the countenances so we can see articulations obviously. In any case, when the beast was executing the canines, Branagh astutely cut the shots with the goal that the anticipation could be proceeded and drawn out. This strategy for situating is a major difference to Whales. A large portion of the shots in his form are mid or long and there are not very many perspective or close ups. This is halfway because of the absence of innovation and experience. Branagh may have utilized increasingly bold and intriguing edges yet he has had 60 years of Hollywood to think back on; Whale was at a colossal disservice in this regard and this ought to obviously be viewed as when concluding who is the better executive. Whale did attempt to be brave in certain regards: he utilized a viable high edge shot towards the finish of the four minutes, it demonstrated Fritz and Frankenstein strolling towards the scaffold, which uplifted the sentiment of a difference in setting, and it unmistakably indicated the rough scene, which likewise expanded the feeling of dread. Whale has set the characters so they were focal inside the edge. The camera adheres to the activity and tails it, much like in the event that one were watching a play, a technique most presumably impacted by Whales history in showy coordinating. Branaghs altering is significantly quicker than Whales so this gives him more extension to change the camera edges. In any case, the purpose behind this distinction in speed could be down to the settings of the works, not adequacy of coordinating. Branaghs film starts in a disorganized tempest with bunches of activity, while Whale attempts to mean feeling of dread and moderate frightfulness. Branagh attempts to make an enthusiastic effect and assumes that the crowd will comprehend and follow the activity, though Whales style is increasingly customary and his altering is utilized for commonsense purposes and to see the setting and to follow the activity. As a group of people in the 20 and 21st century, we are so used to the customary stun strategies, that we neglect to consider their impact in more seasoned movies, for example, Whales Frankenstein. Despite the fact that parts of Whales creation may appear to be dated to todays crowd, theres a climate present that would be difficult to re-make, even with mechanical advances. Kenneth Branaghs Frankenstein, for all its utilization of current innovation, comes up short on the air develop that Whales appears to have. Whales film is progressively similar to the nineteenth century novel; his style suits the moderate uncovering of story, as in the book, though Branagh passes on a feeling of activity and quick moving anticipation to fulfill the ever-requesting crowd. The quick moving activity implies that Branagh has not gotten an opportunity to develop a feeling of dread; everything is over sensationalized and with a quick pace. In spite of the fact that Branagh has surely made an environmental develop, utilizing all the advanced innovation accessible, James Whales Frankenstein has stood the trial of time and, in spite of the fact that it was coordinated 63 years before Branaghs, has utilized the best procedures accessible to develop an air of pressure and dread. In the event that a group of people of today discover Whales coordinating more or similarly powerful than Branaghs then envision how well it would have taken a shot at crowds not used to this degree of repulsiveness inside a film. Show see just The above review is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley segment.

The #1 Secret to Amazing Time and Calendar Management

The #1 Secret to Amazing Time and Calendar Management Everyone makes plans. We do, you do. Plans incorporate multiple aspects of a wanted future situation: what will happen, how, where, and when.Today we are concerned with the ‘when’ of our plans, i.e. with time and calendar management.A well-planned event is placed in time, and that includes the exact date and often hour of its execution.WHAT IS TIME AND CALENDAR MANAGEMENT?This term is somewhat vague. We can manage neither time nor calendar. Hours go by, so do days, weeks, months, years.No one person can change or organize that in any way.But what you can manage is how you spend your time.And it is here that we come across the intended meaning behind this phrase.Time management is a broad term with the meaning of planning when an event will take place.Calendar management is a more narrow term, and it refers to placing a certain event in a particular month, week, and day.They are to some extent, interchangeable, and we will mostly use the phrase ‘time management’ to refer to bo th in this article.WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF TIME AND CALENDAR MANAGEMENT?Time and calendar management are very beneficial, and here is why.1.  Enough Time for EverythingManaging your time makes you think about the exact amount of time you need for an activity.When you know that you have 30 minutes to clean your room and that after that you have to help your family move out the old furniture, you will realize that you have enough time for both activities and that you are left with the whole afternoon off.2.  Clear Picture Writing a to-do list lets you organize your thoughts and this, in turn, gives you a clear picture of is achievable and in how much time.After you have finished your planning, you will find that you have (or do not have) space for going out to get a can of beer with your best friend even though you have a dozen errands to run for the family.3.  Efficient and Productive WorkAnother benefit is the efficiency with which you will fulfill your duties.With a clear picture in your mind, you will be able to focus on one thing at a time and be fast in finishing each task.The logical continuation would be your becoming more productive.When you work with great results, you will become more motivated and less stressed.Productivity and efficiency yield good results and a doing work of high quality. Everyone will be satisfied!4.  Realized GoalsEfficient and productive work naturally leads to more goals being achieved, to more effective work and to a more successful worker.As you realize a bigger number of goals, you will discover your true potential.And you will see that it only took good time management to get you there!WHAT MISTAKES DO PEOPLE MAKE WHEN THEY MANAGE THEIR TIME?Have you ever tried making a to-do list? Have you ever failed to follow it?If you have experienced failure in this field, maybe you made one of these mistakes. 1.  Not PrioritizingNot all tasks are of equal importance.Finding what is more and what is less important allows you to be awa re of how much energy you need for a certain task.Spending too much energy on something insignificant will reduce the effort put into a more important duty.2.  Letting Distractions Get in the WayWe rarely think about distractions when we plan a to-do list.But this is a very realistic and possible situation.How do you deal with a distraction when you encounter one? Do you leave everything else behind and resolve the distraction first?If you do, maybe you should evaluate the emergency of the newfound issue and only then decide when to approach it.3.  Too Much on the ListIt is not a good practice to put too much on your own plate.Are you sure you can do all of that? Instead, why not weeding out the stuff of low importance for today?It is better to do a small number of things and be left with free time than to do a large number of things and be left with more to do and no energy for it.4.  MultitaskingIt may seem like a good idea to match two activities and plan to do them at the same t ime.You would save time this way, right?Well, we beg to disagree.Multitasking, though seemingly saving time, can actually make you less productive.If you focus on more than one thing, it is not likely that you will do your task as well as when you pay attention only to it.5.  Choosing Wrong Time for an ActivityThere is an appropriate timing when certain tasks are most likely to be finished successfully.For example, if you choose to read your emails as your last activity of a day, it may affect your sleep due to much information which will stick in your mind.You should avoid such mistakes and plan your activities based on the timing as well.HOW TO MANAGE YOUR TIME WELL?There are many tips on successful time and calendar management.Some are better, and others are worse. Some are more, and others are less useful.We will take a look at some tips which are in the running for the title of the #1 secret to amazing time and calendar management. 1.  Choose Your GoalsNominee number 1 is a wis dom of bearing in mind the ultimate goal you want to achieve.Based on it, you then choose the appropriate duties and tasks which will be the steps towards achieving the said goal.This may include both short-term and long-term planning.An example of a short-term goal would be cleaning the house. This goal, in particular, can be broken down to many subtasks.These would include doing the dishes, doing the laundry, sweeping or vacuuming the floor, dusting, etc.A long-term goal can be buying a car.Bearing that in mind, you may plan to go to a big supermarket once or twice a month and use discounts on big purchases.You may add finding a part-time job to the list. Then, finding a job is a task which should be decomposed into searching newspapers and the internet, writing a CV, applying, etc.All in all, the ultimate goal gives you the perspective into the future and your tasks a significance.2.  PrioritizeThis advice is very important, as you don’t want to spend too much energy on tasks w hich are not very important and leave the important things behind.The urgent and important scale is very useful in this case. The Eisenhower method is very useful in distinguishing priorities.UrgentNot UrgentImportant12Not Important34If you take a look at the table above, you can see that according to this method, problems under 1 should be done personally as soon as possible. Problems under 2 should be scheduled to a later time. Number 3 are those which should be delegated to someone else, and number 4 should not be done at all.Actually, there are many methods you can use for this.Yes, you can skip this step, but in that case, you will surely see at one point that you are wasting time on something that may have waited or that may have been done by someone else.So, plan carefully and set your priorities.It is quite a useful advice, right? But is it that advice #1 that we are searching?3.  Make Room for Unpredicted SituationsVery rarely do we accomplish our plans without something un predicted comes up. It may be a small obstacle or a big issue.They need to be inserted into the plan list. But can we predict them?Unfortunately, not always.What you should do in order not to let these get in the way of the successful finish of your tasks is to leave some space in your plan for the unpredictable.You will find something to fill your time once everything is done.Basically, what you can do is leave 10 or 15 minutes between the planned activities.This has several advantages. If something comes up out of the blue, you will have time to spare, should you choose to deal with it right away.On the other hand, if nothing occurs, you have free time.Whether you will use it to take a short break or to move on with the next task, it is up to you. Whatever the case, you will surely be happy to have done this.This is a useful piece of advice, don’t you think? Is this the one?4.  Do Not Let Distractions Get in the WayThis tip is connected with the previous one.On the one hand, the re are unpredicted situations which can occur.On the other hand, we live in a world full of distractions.Take your phone into consideration, and be frank â€" when you hear it ring, do you pick it up immediately (or at least have the instinct to do it)?Most people do, even though this is often not necessary.Distractions are quite hazardous for efficiency. Not only do they steal your attention, but they often keep it.Would you not agree that it is much easier to focus on the distraction than on the actual thing you are working on? Can you guess how many distractions there were while this text was being written?Well, we would prefer you not to guess.Would you vote for this to be the tip number 1?5.  Make Plans on TimeThe next candidate for the #1 secret to amazing time and calendar management is calendar-related: plan in advance!It is a matter of great importance to make timely plans which will give you enough time to make changes if they are necessary.You will see the big picture, and it will be easier for you to make the necessary decisions, such as the deadline to be met, the resources to be used, and maybe even some additional help if you need it.According to Brian Tracy, “It takes only about 10 to 12 minutes for you to plan out your day, but this small investment of time will save you up to two hours (100 to 120 minutes) in wasted time and diffused effort through the day.”One more advantage of planning at least a day ahead is that your mind with work on that list during the night and you may think of some very interesting ideas when you get up.Isn’t that fascinating?May this be the one tip without which all the others are just not enough?6.  Focus on One Thing at a TimeThough you may have many things of your list for today, it is advisable never to take on more than one thing at a time.The reason is quite simple â€" multitasking divides your attention on multiple things, in multiple directions; you probably need to think in different ways for each of t hem.This leads to ineffective work and to tasks done half well or not well enough.On the other hand, if you do only one thing from the beginning to the end, without diverting your attention to anything else, you make sure to do your best. It may seem to take you more time this way, but it is actually not.Just imagine revising student’s tests and at the same time planning a school play with a colleague. Which of these two are you doing successfully?It is quite possible that you will either mark a test wrong on miss out on a piece of important information regarding the play.Would you agree that this advice is fairly in the running for the best one?7.  Give Yourself a BreakWhat do you do when you feel tired of work? Do you push yourself to do more or leave everything and go outside? Do you go to sleep or call a friend? Or do you change your office or seat and move on?Do not forget that everyone needs a break. Taking time off helps us regenerate, physically and mentally. It doesn’t matter how much time you need or what you need to do if you feel you really need a pause, make it.It is even smarter to plan several short breaks during a multi-hour work.Although you may not feel tired at the moment of a planned break, you will still recover from the strain, be it a small one, and you will be able to continue work even better than before.The appropriate thing to do is what you feel you need. Sometimes you will need to take a short walk, to drink some water or eat a candy bar.Maybe you will need to do some exercise and get that negative energy out of your system.Sometimes a talk with someone close will do the trick. Whatever it is, don’t deprive yourself of what you need.Being relaxed, it certainly is an appealing tip? But is it the best?8.  Say NoBeing there for others is noble, but there is a time when you need to say no.If you have a lot on your plate and a colleague asks you ‘just to do this one small thing, it will not take you much time’, it would be bes t to reject it.Or make it clear that you will do it only if you manage to finish your own tasks on time.What do you think about this advice? Put your obligations first.This may seem somewhat selfish on first sight, but let us look it from another angle.IF you put aside your duties in order to do another person’s ones, you will subconsciously think about the things that are awaiting you.You will not even be able to help your friend well.You will do them a bad favor, and you will also do your tasks badly. No one wins in that situation, right?But if you choose to finish your work, if there is time for more, you will help a colleague with a clear head, and everything will be done perfectly.Good advice, don’t you think?9.  Choose a Theme for Your DayIf you plan several days ahead, put most (but not all) activities with a similar theme in one day.This way, you will get the most out of it. Your mind will focus on this theme, and you will be productive and efficient.Think about this, as it may be just the thing you need to become a perfect time manager.For example, if you are planning a general cleaning of your house, you may divide the chores by topics â€" wash and arrange clothes one day, do the floors and dusting another day, clean the kitchen and the bathroom the next day.Or you can divide the work by rooms and clean a room or two every day.However, remember to add some diversity to your day as well. Your mind needs a break and variety as well.Be open-minded, if a great idea comes to your mind, and it is planned for another day, write it down and who knows, maybe you will have time at the end of the day to try it.So if you are cleaning the bathroom and you realize that there is a lot of dirty clothes you don’t have to wait for the clothes day to do it, but turn on the washing machine and finish that today.Sorting colorful clothes is definitely a more interesting activity than washing the sink, and it may be just the right thing to help you regain your motiva tion and move on to cleaning the shower, as was planned.10.  Review Your List RegularlyIf you make a long-term plan, it is a good idea to review it occasionally. Maybe some tasks will prove to be unnecessary after some time. You can remove them. Maybe some need to be revised and changed.Maybe some will have to be replaced with something else.Let’s take a look at the following situation â€" you are preparing for a holiday abroad.You have made a list of the things you will pack, the things you need to buy, who will take care of your pet when you are away and who will water your plant.At one moment, the plant dries out, and suddenly you no longer need anyone to water it. Review your list and cross out the unnecessary task.Also, despite the warm clothes you packed, you find out it is going to be quite hot at your destination at the time when you arrive.Review your to-do again and change the clothes you are going to wear during the trip.May this piece prove useful?Yes. Is it good enoug h to become the ultimate one? We are yet to see.FINAL WORDHaving read our text, would you say that any of the aforementioned tips are efficient enough to be declared number one?OR none of them?So, in the end, how should we choose?Well, there is one more thing which should be mentioned and which we have been failing to mention throughout the whole text â€" sticking to the plan.We took this for granted, but maybe we should not have.No matter how good or bad your schedule seems to be (and mind that there is no bad plan, just possible one which not very efficient), if you don’t follow it, you are in for failure.If you don’t stick to your plan, we have written this text in vain, and you have been reading it in vain!So, be your plan elaborate or brief, DO the things on the list and by doing them, all you have mastered the secret to amazing time and calendar management! Don’t procrastinate!

The Westboro Baptist Church When Does The 1st Amendment...

Francois Reihani Dr. Yoder PPD 240 05/03/15 The Westboro Baptist Church: When does the 1st Amendment trump the Public Interest? Introduction The Westboro Baptist Church is a group that has been in the spotlight for the last two decades because of their unusual tactic of picketing at soldier’s funerals. The act is motivated by the notion that America’s moral are being corrupted by their acceptance of homosexuality. The act of picketing of soldier’s funerals according to the group is motivated by the fact that it is a time when mourners are emotionally vulnerable and they think of their mortality. They believe that by picketing in soldier’s funerals their message is stronger. However, this tactic has caused much consternation from both the public and the government. In the interest of the public, state legislatures have enacted laws against the actions of the Westboro Baptist Church. The landmark case of Snyder v. Phelps would have been the deciding factor against the group, but the Supreme Court held in favor of the group because their actions were protected by the First Amendment. This then wou ld present the notion that the First Amendment trumped public interest in the decision. However, that is not the case because the case was an IIED case among others, it was a personal one. As long as the group coordinates with public authorities and does not break laws, then their acts are nothing more than nuisances that should not get in the way of celebrating the life of the dead.

Nurse Practitioner Job Description - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 824 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Nursing Essay Level High school Topics: Nurse Practitioner Essay Did you like this example? Doctors used to work more than one hundred hours a week and sometimes shifts longer than twenty-four hours. This was changed due to the Libby Zion Case, where an eighteen-year-old college student named Libby Zion died due to what her father believed to be overworked interns and doctors. A medical professional is now allowed to work no more than eighty hours a week and must not work a shift longer than twenty-four hours. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nurse Practitioner Job Description" essay for you Create order Doctors are able to diagnose a person with ailments and prescribe medications. Doctors also may refer patients with diseases such as cancer or brain injuries to other doctors who have specialties in that area, such as oncologists or neurologists. According to a study conducted by the American Medical Association in February of 2017, of the one thousand two hundred doctors, residents and interns interviewed nine out of ten were satisfied and happy with their career choice. The study also names that some reasons why doctors chose to become doctors as their career. The top reasons named are how they or a loved member of their family were treated or for personal experience as a volunteer. A nurse practitioner is a person who is trained, independent, licensed healthcare clinician and focuses on managing a person’s health conditions, including treating illnesses and injuries. They also support injury prevention. Nurse practitioners can also prescribe medication. The majority of nurse practitioners have a specialty in which they practice in. Some of these specialties that are common choices are pediatrics, family practices, and women’s health. Sub-specialties may even be chosen and are in areas such as oncology, dermatology, psychiatry, cardiology and behavioral health. To become a nurse practitioner, you must first obtain an undergraduate degree in nursing. You must then gain experience as a registered nurse. The next step to becoming a nurse practitioner is to earn a graduate degree. This could be a Master’s of Science in Nursing, or MSN, or a Doctor of Nursing Practice, or DNP. MSN’s are typically two to three years full time, and focus on advanced nursing subjects such as pharmacology and pathophysiology. DNP’s, however, are typically three to four years long, more clinically focused than research, and focuses on a deeper understanding of MSN subjects, including coursework in evidence-based practice, diagnostic s, and disease treatment. There is a small movement toward a required DNP to become a nurse practitioner, but the majority of states still require just an MSN degree. After a graduate degree is acquired, a person must pass a Nurse Practitioner license test. To be a candidate for Nurse Practitioner licensure, a person must hold a master’s degree in nursing, a valid RN license. Nurse practitioners work in private practices and in hospitals. There is currently a nursing shortage which means that there is an abundance of nurse practitioner jobs available. Hospital have begun to hire more nurse practitioners to offset the amount of work and pressure that are put on other hospital personnel. Nurse practitioners earned an average of $97,990 as of May 2014 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. One of the highest paid specialties for nurse practitioner is Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesiology. CRNA’s make an average of $153,780 a year as of May 2014. A survey conducted by Medstudy Nurse Center found that out of 3,417 nurse practitioners an tremendous number said that they are happy with their choice to become a nurse. According to this study, eighty two percent of nurse practitioners claimed that they would choose nursing as their profession again if given the choice. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that there will be a thirty percent increase in jobs for nurse practitioners from 2016 to 2026. Working in the medical field gives many people a grand sense of pride and a sense of accomplishment. Doctors and nurse practitioners alike enjoy their jobs and do their best to care for thir patients to the best of their ability. However, there are more upsides to becoming a nurse practitioner than a doctor. A Doctor of Nursing Practice degree cost vastly less than a medical degree. Nurse practitioners also spend much less time working toward a degree than doctors do. Nurse practitioner’s salaries, compared to those of doctors are much better compared to the payment per hour. In comparison, according to bestmedicaldegrees.com, a doctor’s lifetime income after their loan debt is around $4.7 million dollars. Their lifetime hours worked is 142,989. When this is adjusted, this comes out to $33.03 an hour. When you compare thi s salary to a high school teacher, doctors earn three cents less an hour. This is a very upsetting statistic that is greatly overlooked. Nurse practitioners, however, have a payment that is much better proportioned to their level o schooling. Being a nurse practitioner is a much better option due to payment, hours, school loans, and education required is much less harsh than that of a person who has went through the process of becoming a doctor.

Asnani Nandini Essay Free Essays

The Bitter Truth Polar bears sweating, the Earth reforming Into a volcano. And oxygen artificially supplied to the atmosphere is the future of tomorrow. It is unfortunately a consequence of our activities today. We will write a custom essay sample on Asnani Nandini Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The truth† that AH Gore considers to be a potential threat is the trapping of gases within the boundaries of the ozone layer, with the addition of humans deepening the wound with their negligence. The truth is an eye-opener for negligent individuals. Global warming- an extremely adverse word and a great deal of controversy. An Inconvenient Truth is a terrifying and imminent once which awakens us to realize our responsibility we need to have to the earth. Davis Guggenheim presents the film in a form of presentation, showing the upward trend of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. AH Gore connects this data with glances of melting of Ice caps, and shows how dependent people are. In fact, 40% of the people are dependent on the water that these Ice caps provide. Deforestation Is reflected with Increasing factories and reduced trees. The Impact of this global carols is unprecedented. Vehicular pollution, burning of fossil fuels and human caused hazards like this are depleting our resources. Myths and misconceptions about the earth were unveiled. For instance, the bitter truth of animals losing their habitat and forest fires is not Just a natural hazard. It is a proved, irresponsible action of the selfish humans, who deforest and for their own greed set up factories. To top that, they pollute the environment with their factory pollutants in the form of smoke and oil spills. If this be the condition furthermore, we all will be walking around with oxygen masks. This truth shows us that global warming Is not a political issue but rather, the biggest moral and ethical challenge facing our civilization due to our own actions. These facts should help to galvanism people, governments, organizations and Individuals to work on a better environment. Some myths exposed transfixed us In stupefaction. Such as, the average American generates about 1 5,000 pounds of carbon dioxide every year from personal transportation, home energy use and from the energy used to produce all of the products and services we consume. Most emissions from homes are from the fossil fuels burned to generate electricity and heat. By using energy more efficiently at home, you can reduce your emissions by more than 30%. Our actions to reduce global warming can extend beyond how we personally reduce our own emissions. We all have influence on our schools, workplaces, businesses, and on society through how we make purchases, invest, take action, and vote. The truth emphasizes how we provoke the environment, such that It backfires to us unknowingly. The population Is dependent on the resources of the environment and do not realize they are depleting It themselves! â€Å"What we take for granted might not be here for our This quote of AH gore should be a repeated echo and remind us to wake up and realize that we are the only preservers oxide struck me. It was shocking to know that the ten most hot years have occurred in the past fifteen years! More devastating summers indicates greater chances of hurricanes. The heat and warmer air Just adds fuel to on going hurricanes Just like Strain. It seemed pretty simple until it rapidly increased in the degree of its disruption after passing over the Gulf of Mexico. And finally when it reached New Orleans, the consequence of those warm winds caused immense destruction, loss of lives and property. Another important aspect of â€Å"The Inconvenient Truth† which is highlighted is the Kyoto Protocol. It focuses on the measures taken to reduce pollution and bring down the level of carbon-did-oxide in the environment. The alarming visuals stress on facts is an eye-opener and makes us aware of the severity of damage we have done. The truth is, we are facing a crisis bigger than warmer days, overworked air conditions and painful sunburns- the exploitation and depletion of the resources of the Earth. Apparently, all the cycles of the Earth are interrelated. The need of the hour is to make an impact on this planet, reduce the carbon footprint and make your voice be heard. Losing the planet and even the fear about it can be depressing and overwhelming. The title represents how â€Å"inconvenient† this is going to be in the near future and the suffering we are going to go through. Switch off those electric bulbs when not in use, change them to the incandescent lights, car pool, use chimneys, reduce, reuse and recycle. Promote and pass this understanding to others. The film ends as it began with stunning video of a beautiful wilderness stream peacefully flowing to the ocean in the hope that such scenes will remain a part of the future landscape. So step out and make a difference! How to cite Asnani Nandini Essay, Essays

Race and Ethnicity in Law Enforcement Hiring free essay sample

It may be that the department really does want women and minorities to apply, (l believe this is the case) but the reason the phrase is on the application, Is armorial because of federal law, specifically Title VII of the Call Rights Act of 1964. Law enforcement has traditionally had an over representation of both Caucasian male applicants. Due to this dichotomy, the E. E. O. C. Who enforces Title VII recommends employers place verbiage in their application process that specifically encourages under represented groups to apply for job openings.I think its both healthy and smart for a police force to be made up of personnel that have similarities to the community it serves. Not only does It bring deferent perspectives to the force, it also has at least the potential to bring greater respect and credibility to the departments actions within that community. There are likely law enforcement agencies in this county who have the same phrase in their application solely because it mitigates the chances of their hiring practices being challenged in court under Title W. We will write a custom essay sample on Race and Ethnicity in Law Enforcement Hiring or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These agencies may not have any allegiance to the principal or goal of the statement; nor have any real intentions to hire those applicants. In many apartments the standardization of hiring processes seeks to prevent personal biases and favoritism. However. These standardized processes and tests have also drawn criticism, with some claiming a disparate impact being present often either in the construction of the test or variances in the minimum qualifications. Disparate impact is 2 defined as, A theory of liability that prohibits an employer from using a facially neutral employment practice that has an unjustified adverse Impact on members of a protected class. A facially neutral employment practice Is one that does not appear to e discriminatory on Its face; rather it Is one that Is discriminatory In Its application or effect. (The Free Dictionary by Farley, 2012). For example, in 2008 a lawsuit was filed against the Connecticut State Police. The lawsuit argued that only candidates scoring 85% out of 100% on the written test were selected to continue on in the process, even though a score of 65% was considered passing. The lawsuit argued that this practice discriminated against minority groups due to the fact that 15% of the candidate pool was African American yet only 4% of the 15% tested at or above he 85% threshold: those who did not reach the 85% mark were disqualified from the process. (Gordon, T. 2008) under [42 USC (I) A party demonstrates that a respondent uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent falls to demonstrate that the challenged practice Is Job related for the position In question and consistent with business necessity. (Title VII of the Call process for the Connecticut State Police who were within the 65% to 85% range who ere disqualified may well have had standing to sue.In conclusion, law enfor cement agencies should take into account the perception of the community they serve in relation to the make-up of their force. While this factor alone should not and cannot be the sole determining factor for the individuals who make 3 up a police force, it also shouldnt be overlooked or dismissed. Furthermore, law enforcement agencies must structure their application processes to emulate what is necessary and required to do the Job applied for.

Jungle Essays - Meat Packing Industry, The Jungle, Jurgis

Jungle The family knows all the dirty secrets of the meat-packing industry. The most spoiled of meats becomes sausage. All manner of dishonesty exists in the selling diseased, rotten, and adulterated meat to American households. The working members of the family fall into a silent stupor due to the grinding poverty and misery of their lives. Ona and Jurgis grow apart. Jurgis begins to drink heavily. He delivers himself from full-blown alcoholism through force of will, but the desire to drink always torments him. Antanas suffers all manner of childhood illnesses, but the measles attacks him with fury. However, he reaches his first birthday owing to his strong constitution despite the privations under which his family suffers. He is perpetually malnourished like the rest of Packingtown. Ona, pregnant again, develops a bad cough and suffers increasingly frequent bouts of hysterical crying. Winter arrives again, and with it comes the grueling rush season. Fifteen and sixteen hour workdays are frequent. Twice, Ona does not return home at night. She explains that the snow drifts kept her away, so she stayed with a friend. Jurgis discovers that she lied about staying with her friend. He wrangles a confession out of her. Sobbing hysterically, Ona confesses that, Connor, a boss at her factory continually harassed her and pleaded with her to become his mistress. Eventually, he raped her in the factory after everyone had gone home. He threatened to arrange the firings of every wage earner in her household. Moreover, he threatened to prevent them from obtaining work in Packingtown ever again. With these threats, he forced her into accompanying him to Miss Henderson's brothel in the evenings for the past two months. The recent snowstorms prevented Ona from returning home twice. Jurgis storms to Ona's workplace. It takes more than a half dozen men subdue him before he can choke the life out of Connor. Jurgis is arrested and taken to jail where old men and boys, hardened criminals and petty criminals, innocent men and guilty men share the same squalid quarters. Jurgis's trial date is set, and his bond is three hundred dollars. Jurgis spends the Christmas holidays in jail, worrying about his family. While Jurgis awaits his trial, he becomes friends with his cell mate, Jack Duane. Jack claims to be an educated man from the East. His father committed suicide after his business failed. Jack claims that a big company later cheated him out of a lucrative invention. After his misfortunes, Jack became a safe-breaker. Before his trial, Jack gives Jurgis his mistress's address and encourages him to seek his help should the need arise. Jurgis's trial is a farce. Kotrina and Teta Elzbieta attend it. Connor and several witnesses testify that Conner fired Ona fairly, and Jurgis attacked him for revenge. Jurgis tells his side of the story through an interpreter, but the judge is not sympathetic. He sentences Jurgis to thirty days in prison. Jurgis begs for clemency because his family will starve, but the judge remains firm. In Bridewell, Jurgis and the other prisoners spend the greater portion of their time breaking stone. He writes a postcard to his family to let them know where he is. Ten days later Stanislovas visits to tell him that he, Ona, Marija, and Teta Elzbieta have all lost their jobs. They are unable to pay rent or buy food. Marija is suffering blood poisoning because she cut her hand at work. Ona lies in bed, crying all day. Teta Elzbieta's sausage factory shut down. Stanislovas lost his job after a snowstorm prevented him from going to work for three days. No one can obtain other jobs because they are too sick and weak and because Conner is scheming to prevent them. Stanislovas asks if Jurgis can help them. Jurgis has no more than fourteen cents to give. Kotrina, Stanislovas, and the children earn money selling papers. Their only other income comes through begging. Commentary Packingtown is full of predators. Connor, empowered through his criminal connections, violates the marriage bond between Jurgis and Ona. No individual really has the power to fight for themselves. Marija tried to fight for her full wages only to be fired. Ona cannot afford to reject Connor's advances because he has the power to ruin her family. The wage laborer is systematically crippled and silenced by the power structure enabled by capitalism. Jurgis's attack on Connor would be perfectly justified according to the values of the American reading public. A man has violated his wife against her will. However, judges are bought and sold by

Acting essays

Acting essays Perhaps one of the most thought of questions that goes through ones head in a lifetime may be what drives a person to become an actor. Well, it could be imagination, a love, or just desire to stand out. When one desires to stand out they usually want to be in the light, and the stage is a great place to start. Being on stage for the first time is scary and yet exciting. Once a person has experienced this they most often want more. Usually a person of this stature was always entertaining or performing for friends and family member, thy have humor and it is most likely well developed and focused. Through their childhood they force themselves to be noticed. They love to be in the light. Love, just love for the art can make a person act. The people who love the art are usually the ones who care and understand it the most. Perhaps they can be considered the scarifiers, the one who will do anything to make the audience laugh, cry, and giggle, feel solemn, angry, and happiness. Their love for acting make them who they are and they dont even have to try. The ones who love acting become their character in a performance. Becoming a character is tough, except for those with excellent imaginations. Usually become actors because it comes easy to them, of course, their feet must get wet into acting for them to even begin to see their hidden talent. Once in a theatre, imaginers, if you will, are character in actors shoes, instead of actors in characters shoes. They have high concentration that is not easy to break. In fact, most usually become their character a week or so before a play. As one can see, these tree examples are just a few reasons why people become actors or actresses. Im sure one could easily choose which example they fall into. ...

Valuing People in Financial Statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Valuing People in Financial Statements - Essay Example This is because their respective annual financial reports do not reflect the financial position of the customers to their business. This paper will discuss whether companies should have a financial value for their employees with reference to Mark Spencer’s annual report. Most businesses consider their customer base to be their most valuable asset. This is a myopic consideration since behind every satisfied customer there is a hard working staff who contributed to their satisfaction. This indicates that employees should be beyond the customers of the company since they are responsible for successful products and satisfied customers (Hart, 1995, p. 56). Therefore, the value of employees can be measured from the quality of the products that they are responsible for and, the level of customer’s satisfaction resulting from their efforts. Being of financial significance indicates that workers are assets to the company and the company has the responsibility to account for them . Companies consider their workers as expenses due to the salaries that they receive at the end of the month or the end of a given trading period. In this case, workers would appear in the right hand side of their balance sheet. However, this is not a valid reasoning since salaries or wages is a return or compensation for labor (Vygotsky, 1978). Labor has economic value to a business. This indicates that workers or the source of the labor also has economic value to the business. Indeed, workers are assets of a company due to the economic value of their efforts to the company. However, shareholders and other stakeholders of a company fail to consider the financial value of workers when evaluating a company. This evaluation does not give the actual position of the company since workers too have a financial significance to a company. According to Paul Herman the CEO of HIP investments, most companies fail to consider their workers as their assets. Layoffs are the main reason that quali fies workers to be expenses of a company. A company can increase its profit through various ways. The main method that companies use to increase their profit is reducing their cost of operation. Cost of operation includes fixed costs and expenses. In this case, fixed costs are costs that are incurred during the production process, and are invariable. On the other hand, expenses are cost incurred by the company due to factors that facilitate production or distribution of finished products. Layoff is considered as a method of increasing profits since it enable companies to cut down their expenses and hence their cost of operation. Laying-off workers has positive returns in the short term since economic downturns are not permanent (Kalb, 1993, p. 198). Economic downturns are followed by economic recoveries that force the companies to hire more employees to compensate for laid-off workers. In this process, the company spend money in hiring and training of new workers to compensate for t he laid off workers. Hiring new workers is critical to a company’s success. The abilities of a company to outsource for the best workers in a particular field determine the competence of its products in a given market (Ellen, 2009). This process has financial significance to the company since it is a form of investment. In addition, the company needs to train its employees in order to achieve

Where's the Pig Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Where's the Pig Business - Case Study Example The context of the promotional tool used has been discussed based on the main theory of cross cultural marketing. McDonald’s is a brand with a wide global presentation and it has to adjust accordingly when it comes to diverse cultures. Cross cultural marketing is an important aspect that global brands have to pay heed to. The case states how the difference between the promotional activity in Singapore and Hong Kong created a problem for McDonald’s and how the firm eventually resolved the problem by taking appropriate measures. In 2010, McDonald’s incorporated a new promotional theme in its promotional activities. It decided to incorporate the Chinese astrology into its promotion. It found out that the Chinese calendar holds great importance for the Chinese people. The Chinese astrology comprises of 12 animal signs which include rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. McDonald’s started offering 12 little Doraemon toys each of which represented a Chinese zodiac sign. The promotion came to be known as Doraemon Lucky Charms Promotion. The toy was to be purchased by the customers along with the purchase of the McDonald’s Happy Meal. This promotion was successful when it was implemented in Hong Kong. The corporations faced no problem as 95 percent of the population of Hong Kong had a Chinese ethnicity. Case Issues The main problem was raised when the same promotional strategy was modified when implemented in Singapore. ... This modification created a chaos for the McDonald’s Corporation and there was an upheaval in online blogs. The main point used to hit the corporation was that it does not respect the Chinese culture. McDonald’s was blamed for not conducting market research. Many critics raised a point that McDonald’s Corporation did not take sufficient time to think through the promotion. This whole modification stirred up a controversy as it offended the majority race in Singapore and was needed to be addressed before the brand image of McDonald’s got tarnished in Singapore. Another problem was faced when some customers said that there was no reason of buying an incomplete Doraemon collection set without a pig toy. It seemed like all minorities of Singapore except Muslims were not happy with this modification and on top of all it was the majority that got most offended. It was believed that on cross-cultural sensitivity McDonald’s over reacted. Malay culture prohi bits the consumption of pork, but McDonald’s on its own perceived that Malays will be offended by a pig toy. In addition many customers, in order to gather the 12 pieces animal collection, had to order it through their friends who lived in Hong Kong. The promotion was offered in Hong Kong. McDonald’s finally realized its’ mistake and apologized to the public of Singapore through the advertisement and its website and announced that the pig toy will be available. But this was long after the lunar year. The corporation invited its customers who were interested in buying the pig toy to visit the website and click on the Doraemon Lucky Charms Poll to indicate their interest. The apology and availability of the pig toy did not please the masses instead pacified only some publics. It

Significant Sociological Research In Relation To Educational Change Education Essay

Significant Sociological Research In Relation To Educational Change Education Essay The Educational changes in United Kingdom are basically the tripartite system, comprehensive education and the changes that have taken place since 1979 to 1988. The tripartite system was introduced in Britain in 1944 which set up three types of schools: grammar, secondary modern and technical school for pupils up to the age of 15. Each schools ordering a different type of education, was based on the idea that there were different kind of intelligence, each needing a different kind of schooling. Grammar school offered an academic education leading to qualification; secondary modern gave pupils a practical education with few opportunities to get qualification. Pupils were allocated to school via the 11+, better pupil were creamed off to grammar school while the rest attending secondary modern schools. The system was more bipartite than tripartite. [Gidden, A. p482] Comprehensive school were introduced in 1965 by labour along with grammar school. The aim of the government is to remove many of inequalities of the tripartite system and to end the selection at 11+via the 11+ exams and to break down the class barrier in society as one schools for all pupils in a particular area meant that all social classes would be brought together. Pupils would have more opportunities to gain qualification. The biggest changes in education took place in 1988 under Thatcher regime. They saw that education was failing to provide a sufficiently skilled workforce. They also believed that schools were failing pupils and needed to raise the standard of education. The education policy that took place under Thatcher regime were National curriculum in England and Wales, The Act also brought Standard Assessment Tests [SAT] at 7, 11, 14 and 16. School could opt out of their LEA and become Grant Maintenance School, Parent empowerment to choose school for their children, formula funding of schools and vocationalism education such as NVQ, GNVQ CTC and New vocationalism. In conclusion, tripartite system shows a class division in schools for creaming off the bright student in school to grammar school and the rest to secondary modern and technical school. Eleven + culturally favoured the middle class and majority of student in grammar school came from middle class background. Grammar school received more money per student than other types of school and girls have to achieved higher pass than boys before they can get to grammar whereas comprehensive school remove the inequalities that existed under the tripartite system and higher proportion of pupils gained more qualification and GCSE and A level rate have all risen and brighter pupils are not held back. According to Ball et al [1994] the government education policy encourage the parent choice, creation of new types of school- Grant Maintained, CTCs, Technology college status, publishing of the national testing and league tables of exams results and decision for a school to opt of LEA control was given to parents of pupil at school. The New Right thinking is about competition and choice[Haralambos and Holborn p616-621] 3.3 EVALUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND UNDERSTANDING OF PROCESSES AND STRUCTURES WITH IN SCHOOLS. The Interactionist view on processes of schooling and the relationship between teachers and student seems to be very important for the effectiveness of education since social class influence in educational attainment. Teachers tend to share an image of ideal pupils whereas teachers perceived middle-class pupils as close to the idea, and lower working class pupils as furthest from it. Label is a major feature placed on a person by others. Teacher tends to label middle-class as good student this may discourage working -class pupils. When pupils labelled as bright others will tend to respond to them and interpret their actions in term of this label, there is a tendency for a self-fulfilling prophecy to result. The hidden curriculum refers to the message schools transmit to pupils without directly teaching them or spelling them out, it consists of values, norms, beliefs and ideas which are embedded in the normal routines and procedures of school life. In functionalists view, the transmission of society core values can be seen as part of hidden curriculum such as the value of individual achievement, pupils are encouraged to achieve good grades, qualification, it prepares them to achieve as individuals in the wider society. In Marxists view, the hidden curriculum of schools is the transmission of ruling class ideology, producing next of generation of workers schooled to accept their roles in the society. [ Haralambos and Holborn p603] Marxists are very critical of the role played by the education system. They do not agree with functionalists and others that it is a meritocratic system but rather it keeps the inequalities found in capitalist society going. It does by pretending to give everyone an equal chance but the reality is that those from middle class background do better at school than those from working class background. This is why Marxists often talk about the myth of meritocracy [Haralambos and Holborn p 604]. In functionalists view, education is a meritocratic that is a system in which social positions are filled on the basis of individual merit and achievement, rather than ascribed criteria such as inherited wealth, sex or social background. [Haralambos and Holborn p601]. In conclusion, Each of the theories have their own view on education but no one theories can stand on his own and we cannot blame the structure of schooling underachievement to outside influence. Functionalists think that education is needed and if it wasnt there, society wouldnt function properly and they teach the skills and knowledge needed in peoples future lives. Marxists think that education reinforce class divide and that it maintains inequality in society. Feminist thinks that education is bad as it clearly divides and separate girls from boys. They think it is more suited for boys. 4.14.2 EXPLAIN DIFFERENTIAL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SCHOOLS. AND ANALYSE CULTURE AND STRUCTURAL EXPLANATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL ACHIEVEMENT. Education Attainment refer to as been able to complete a course successfully and obtain a qualification that may lead to employment. Children educational attainment from various background can be influenced by in school factor [human, physical, financial resources] and out-school factor [poverty, parental interest, language difference, cultural capital, positional theory] are related to background of the childs parent. Studies found that some student performs better than others. Evidence shows that class position; gender and ethnicity play an important role in determines the educational achievement of some and failure of others. The following sub section will explain those aspects in full details. CLASS AND ATTAINMENT/ACHIEVEMENT Social class differences in educational achievement are not purely the outcome of cultural factors, such cultural deprivation and cultural difference. There are many factors that contribute to the determination of why working class student tend to achieve less. Cultural deprivation is one of the reasons why working class student are generally achieving less than middle class student. It attributes to working class underachievement to the fact that they have often been brought up with a negative attitude towards education. According to J.W.B Douglas [1964] which focuses on the key role of parental aspirations, claiming that working class parents are less interested in formal education of their children and hence in their success[Haralambos and Holborn p629-630]. Boudon positional theory [1974] suggest that it is harder for working class children to aspire to university and high status professions because there is no parental role model to follow, hence expectations of parents, teachers and peers are lower[Warren,K. et al p242]. Cultural difference theorists, however suggest that there is a natural difference between working class culture and middle class culture, inevitably placing working class children at a disadvantage in schools. For example, Peter Bourdieu[1977] argues that middle class culture is more closely linked to that of the school, meaning that pupils are more likely to understand what is being taught. The point is about cultural capital the taste, ideas and knowledge of parents more closely matches that of teachers so their children are on the same cultural wavelength and are therefore rewarded with greater educational success. This was further back up by evidence carry out by Alice Sullivan [2001] who showed a close relationship between cultural capital and social class in terms of reading, access to TV, newspaper, participation In cultural activities and vocabulary used[Haralambos and Holborn p636]. Basil Bernstein [1990] support this idea with his study into speech codes, which suggested that middle class childrens knowledge of a more elaborated vocabulary allowed them to understand the teacher better than working class children, who were confined to a more restricted speech code. Bernstein view is that the middle class language structure is the same that used by teachers in contrast to the working class language structure code, which is far more restricted. Hence, the school system is culturally biased in favour of the middle class. According to Paul Willis [1969] in his study into sub-culture also limits student educational achievement as the student can only do as well as their label allows. Labelling of student by teachers is a theme that was developed by Keddie [1971] he concluded that the educational outcome for different classes becomes a self- fulfilling prophecy. The labelling is of course based less on actual performance than on stereotyped expectation[Warren,K. et al p242-243]. Functionalists believe that an individual academic success depend upon his IQ and effort they apply to their studies. They also believe society works in a meritocratic system. Marxists believe that this is due to social class and that in education only the ruling class values are transmitted. This means that working class people find it difficult to get along with the education system. GENDER ATTAINMENT/ACHIEVEMENT Girls outperforming their male counterpart from primary to university level and the dramatic change happen across culture and continent. In 1970 research focus on girls underachievement within the educational system. According to Oakley [1974] a radical feminist argued that primary socialisation plays an important role in shaping, conditioning boys and girl and help to reinforce existing gender stereotype. This also have impacts on the educational aspiration of girls who are socialised to become passive, submissive and future nest builders. Furthermore, Sue Sharpe [1976] support this view and claims that lower class girls priorities and aspiration is to be in love, get married, have a husband and children are in conflict with their educational success. Radical feminist emphasised on reading materials and the content of textbooks as being sexist in nature and these reinforce gender stereotype. Michelle Stanworth [1983] interviewed teachers and student from seven different classes in the humanities department and found that teachers both male and female displayed certain stereotypical attitudes towards their students. Girls, who were not in the lot of submissiveness, silent and unresponsive, were seen as having the potential to break through a professional career. Moreover, teachers themselves often saw marriage as the outcome of most girls. In term of classroom interaction, it was seen that boys were more assertive and took part in class discussion while teachers gave girls lesser attention, although they outnumbered boys. Functionalist argued that there is tendency to exaggerate over the issue of patriarchy impacting on school curriculum. They pointed out that feminists studies are not enough to rely on and not valid because there have been inadequate samples and weak methodologies to support their claims and make representative generalisation. Statistics have shown that boys and girls do achieve equally well at school and in different fields. Moreover, free and compulsory education has opened door for girls and they are able to compete on equal terms. Later, research by Randall [1987] criticise of Stanworths study by arguing that latters research are bias and unfounded. He also found that in laboratory classes girls are more forthcoming to interact with their teachers [Haralambos and Holborn p642-649]. ETHNICITY AND ATTAINMENT/ACHIEVEMENT Britain is a multicultural society and educational attainment of ethnic minorities has become nature of debate for a long time. The Swan Report [1985] found that there were several significant difference between the achievement of ethnic minorities and whites in Britain [Haralambos and Holborn 2000]. However, this phenomenon has not stagnated since other studies like The Studies Policy Institutes Fourth Survey of ethnic Minorities [1994] reported that there was considerate improvement in educational qualification of ethnic minorities when compared to figure in the 1980s[Modood et al 1997]. Below is the explanation of some studies that tries to explain why ethnic minorities do underachieve in education. Jensen [1974] and H. Eysenck [1971] both have sorted out that black were genetically less intelligent than whites while Herstein and Murray [1994] put forward that IQ scores are caused by both genes and environment factors, since black are more likely to live in poverty. They also found in their research that even if environment are equalised, that is when black and whites of similar income levels and occupational statuses blacks do have a slightly lower IQ test score. The Swan Report [1985] found that linguistic factor in Britain might be responsible for some ethnic minorities since English is not their mother tongue and lack of fluency became an obstacle. Bernard Coard [1971] saw that the British educational system made black children become educationally subnormal by making them felt inferior in every way. Racist stereotypes that exist in society are reinforced by teachers expectation; the latter would negatively label children coming from minority groups. The child comes to see him/herself as such and when he/she is only fit for manual and unskilled jobs[HaralambosHolborn. p649-653]. Bodmer[1972] criticism explained that sometimes it is impossible to control all environmental factors that can affect IQ scores as prejudice and discrimination against black people will always hinders equalisation of environment with whites. Pilkington[1997] challenge the idea of a genetic basis for IQ not fixed by genetics as IQ scores have increasingly been rising among ethnic minorities in many parts of the world and secondly, difference in socio-economic status largely explain educational differences. Coards view must be treated with care as he has over generalised over the issue, there is evidence of Asian children in Britain who have achieved well. However, according to Ken Pryce [1979] Afro-Caribbean preferred to send their children back to their country to study because black are deprived of the value needed for school success. [Warren,K.et al p246]. 4.3 EVALUATE A RANGE OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS IN RELATION TO ACHIEVEMENT, SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION. Paul Willis [1977] developed a neo-marxist approach to education. Willis approach focus on how education prepare workforce and adopted a research method by using symbolic interactionism in his study and variety of methods at Midland school in England. He used observation and participation observation in class, school, leisure time and formal interview. Paul Willis carried out his study by observing a group of 12 working class boys in one school in the Midland whom he observed for 18 month and followed them for the first few months at work. These 12 working class boys formed a group with a bad attitude towards school. Willis referred to them as lads. The lads form a counter school culture. They see themselves as superior to teacher and earoles. Having a laff is the most important thing and very sexist and racist, they also see themselves as a real man. Willis argued that the lads failed themselves deliberately in recognition of the inevitable manual working future that awaited them. According to Blackedge and Hunt [1984] they criticised Paul Willis for using small group of 12 pupils to carry out his research and all of them were boys ignoring the aspect of gender [girl]. He did not considered children in society as a whole. Willis ignores other cultures within the school and since 1977 there are few jobs in manual work, therefore many such lad stay on longer and develop same attitude to work. [HaralambosHolborn.p605-608] Michelle Stanworth [1983] interviewed is based on the A level student and teachers of humanities subject. She found that teachers gave more time and attention to boys and expected more from them. Teachers both male and female tend to know the names and expressed more concern and interest in boys. Stanworth conclude that all the attention and interest shown by the teachers both male and female to the boys, the girls do better than boys in the exams. Stanworth research was unethical because the girls did not know that they were been observed. Dale Spender [1983] the invisible woman claims womens contribution is largely controlled by men who use their power to further their own interests. The curriculum favour a male perspective womens contribution to human progress are often ignored. Girls receive less attention than boys in the classroom. Boys are often abusive to girls but are not told off. Male dominance in society is the cause of girls difficulties in education but schools help to reinforce the dominance. According to Randall [1987] he criticised the method used by Stanworth and Spender. Stanworths work was based on interview rather than direct observation. Therefore, it cannot actually establish that teachers are giving less attention to girls. [Taylor, P. et al p306-307] Mac en Ghaill [1992] studied African-Caribbean and Asian student in a sixth form college in Midland. He found that the way student responded to schooling varied considerably and was influenced by their ethnicity, gender and class composition of their former secondary schools. All of the ethnic minorities student experience problem in their educational system but in a different way depending on their gender and ethnic group. The study is important because it shows how class, gender and ethnicity interact with the school system and Mirzas study shows that negative labelling does not necessarily lead you to academic failure. [Kirby, M. et al p204-205]

Industry Analysis of the Coffee Industry Essay

Ex: A child’s toy available at a dollar store may be cheaper, but the quality may not be as great compared to a similar toy at a higher priced toy store. The company must market the value of the toy to the consumer rather than the price. Industry AnalysisThe Coffee Industry has been booming for years, but recently many new players have come onto the scene such as Caribou Coffee, Starbucks Coffee Co., and even Dunkin’ Donuts. Each company offers numerous different blends, flavors, and roasts, but each claims their own to have different qualities that appeal to different markets. The veteran of the bunch is actually Dunkin’ Donuts, which has been serving coffee, and various baked goods since 1950. The company was founded by Bill Rosenberg and has grown from five locations in 1954 to over 6,000 locations in 30 different countries. It is considered the largest coffee and baked goods chain in the world and is tagged by the slogan: † The Dunkin’ Difference†. Dunkin’ Donuts had seemingly monopolized the industry until Starbucks Coffee Company came along in 1971. Their mission:†To inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. â€Å"Howard Schultz joined on with Starbucks in 1982 as director of retail operations and began direct marketing to fine restaurants and espresso bars. By 1995 Starbucks had developed into a full-blown coffee company with its own line of glassware, coffee mugs, and even in store music sales. Today there are over 5,000 Starbucks locations in numerous different countries and a booming following of customers. Their target audience consists of a broad spectrum of Music, Art, and Coffee lovers which all can convene in a warm, musical atmosphere. Last but not least, the new comer to the scene, Caribou Coffee, which was established in 1992, based on the idea:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that if true passion, hard work and excellence go into an endeavor, the outcome will be a quality experience, and therefore rewarding.†Although a much smaller company, only comprised of around 500 locations, Caribou Coffee strives to create a unique experience for coffee drinkers that has that â€Å"aha momentâ₠¬  as they describe it. So if these three companies are obviously all selling coffee, why do they have very passionate followers, who would seemingly rather stop drinking coffee  than go to one of their competitors to get their morning jolt?Dunkin’ Donuts, like many other current companies are showing an enormous interest in the economic situations of their consumers. One of their current promotions is a â€Å"Free Turbo Shot† in any iced coffee purchased. Not only is the word FREE enticing it also offers some sort of financial relief and suddenly becomes a bargain in the eyes of their consumers. They are also very well known for their advertisements throughout the years, whether it is through the media in their numerous television commercials, or even in their print advertising in multiple magazines and coupons in newspapers. This is one of their key selling points over Starbucks because Starbucks as a company believes in word of mouth advertising rather than actual advertisements. Another campaign currently being run by Dunkin’ Donuts is for one lucky customer to create the company’s next donut. Not only are they getting their customers involved in creating the donut, they are allowing anyone with access to their stores and website to vote on the numerous entries in the contest. Although this may somewhat alienate a small portion of their clientele by creating a donut that not everyone likes they are able to take the mass market and narrow it down to what a large portion of their consumers are interested in seeing as a product. Although this is a great concept they are not the only company willing to include their consumers in their product production. Starbucks has a strong hold in many aspects of the coffee industry due to their intense strategic orientation as well as their product management. The company is not only very interested in what their customers have to say about their products, but also are interested in what their own employees have to say. They do frequent coffee and tea sample-tasting to develop not only buzz about the launch of their new products, but to get feed back on what should stay the same and what needs to be changed. Through this communal version of brainstorming Starbucks can better understand their consumers and their employees needs. Another huge selling point of the Starbucks brand is in fact the actual logo that represents the company. The green circle boldly stating STARBUCKS COFFEE around the picture of a singing Siren is known throughout the world. It has become one of the most recognized symbols in the world and is a great advertisement in and of  itself. Each Starbucks store also utilizes point of purchase marketing very efficiently. Throughout every store there are numerous signs and posters advertising upcoming sales on merchandise, new product lines, and even current products coupled with enticing pictures of not only their beverages but their delectable treats as well. Through something Starbucks likes to call the â€Å"Third Place† they are able to create a peaceful environment away from work and home that people can come to relax, enjoy great music, and even better coffee. Caribou Coffee is somewhat of a different breed. Dunkin’ Donuts focuses on the fast paced grab-n-go lifestyle, Starbucks is centered on tranquility and relaxation, but Caribou Coffee is all about adventure and exploration. Their founders actually created the company thanks to a trip through the Alaskan Wilderness, after a strenuous climb to the summit of a mountain. Their belief is that excellence is a product of hard work, and that life is too short for anything else. Caribou Coffee is not necessarily the cheapest coffee company around, but they definitely offer financially affordable drinks for people to enjoy. One of their current promotions is â€Å"Set Your Wild Free†, which is centered on their most recent launch of a line of â€Å"8 Delicious Wild Coolers†. It sticks to their adventurous theme as well as giving a little extra enticement to their new product line. So if these companies are doing so many things right through community involvement, Public Service Announcements, marketing their products, and creating a unique, and individualistic feeling in each store, what modifications can be made to their marketing tactics? First off Dunkin’ Donuts has proven to have longevity in their product due to their willingness to adapt and grow with their surroundings. They could however obtain an account planner in order to help them better understand other demographics that who they are currently marketing to. Maybe the inclusion of music selections in their stores, or even adding a few health conscious choices to their menu would boost their sales and increase their return on investment. Starbucks on the other hand who does feature in store CD selections as well as health conscious drink options needs to focus more on the financial side of their business. They need to begin taking into account  that the economy is in a slump, and even though they have a very marketable product, it will get them nowhere if the common man can’t afford to buy they products let alone consume them. I’m sure if they took a deeper look into their pricing and the actual cost of their product a happy medium could be obtained that would still benefit the company and the consumer as well. They also need to develop stronger marketing concepts that allow them to have more outside advertisements such as billboards, commercials, and maybe even coupons, which seem to be unheard of to the Starbucks brand. Finally, Caribou Coffee is actually in a great position to market their products because they have a great argument for opportunity cost to their consumers. They have a highly comparable product to the more pricey Starbucks line and are able to target a more accessible audience than the Starbucks brand. Marketing to the â€Å"every day Joe† will give them the opportunity to pull in people that may have never tried their coffee before but are willing to do so because of the price difference. Once discovering that their product is ironically similar to Starbucks in quality, but is more financially acceptable they are more likely to return as well as spread the word to others. In turn helping to increase revenue and benefiting the companies’ sales and popularity. In closing all three companies do a wonderful job of representing the coffee industry and have made millions marketing themselves as household names throughout the world. Slight adjustments for each company would allow them to grow and develop into even more productive companies that will prove to have great sustainability as well being dependable sources of that little extra boost that so people have come to rely on in their daily routines. Through in depth SWOT Analysis, Integrated Marketing Communication, and intense advertising these three companies has become a beacon of success. They will continue to illuminate the path to the future of coffee as well as our morning, afternoon, and sometimes late night buzz that we as warm blooded Americans crave. Works Cited 2003. â€Å"The Bean Stock.† www.thebeanstock.com2007. DD IP Holder LLC. www.dunkinfranchising.com2008. Caribou Coffee Company. www.cariboucoffee.com. 2009. DD IP Holder LLC. www.dunkindonuts.com2009. Starbucks Corporation. www.strabucks.com2009. Recall – Firm Press Release. â€Å"Caribous Coffee Participates in Nationwide Peanut Product Recall.† www.fda.gov†Coffee.† National Geographic Online. 1996-2009. www.nationalgeographic.com/coffee. Coffee Geek. 2000-2009. WebMotif Net Services, Inc. www.coffeegeek.comKenneth Davids. Coffee Review. 2009. www.coffeereview.comMonica Guzman. â€Å"Starbucks Ad Campaign is Gutsy†. May 1, 2009. http://blog.seattlepi.com

The Nature of Romantic Love in Shakespeare

The Nature of Romantic Love in Shakespeare's As You Like It The Shakespearean comedy As You Like It, discusses the nature of love through the stories of four couples that demonstrate a variety of love situations. All of the couples in As You Like It exhibit some elements of ridiculous Infatuation as well as elements of genuine connection in their relationships. This makes it possible to view love on all accounts as either genuine or ridiculous. The reader Is able to decide how they would Ilke to view the love stories In the play.In particular, the relationship between Silvius and Phoebe demonstrates the options that the reader has in viewing the nature of love in As You Like It. Silvius goes through a transformation of character, subtle as It may be. In the beginning, he is pining over Phoebe and seems to believe that his enduring the pain of her rejection Is a reality of love. He acts desperately to try to win her over and forgets to respect himself in the process, When Phoebe has p rofessed her love for Ganymede over him, he expresses that love is made of â€Å"sighs and tears† (V, ‘i, 88).Proving his foolish confusion of angst and infatuation with genuine love. But In his next sentence he says love is about â€Å"faith and service† (V, it, 93). So while Silvius has some very misguided thoughts about love, he seems to have some real understanding of what it Is. His true dedication and understanding of his emotions seems to suggest that he may be able to have a successful relationship, but he is certainly toeing the line of belief and delusion by refusing to let Phoebe go. Phoebe presents a slightly more interesting transition than her partner.Phoebe adamantly efuses a well-suited prospect for no apparent reason. Silvius Is clearly passionate about Phoebe. He is persistent and unrelenting; he does not doubt his own love. However, Phoebe loves Ganymede and has to deal with the disappointment of not being able to marry him. Through this, she m ay be able to relate to Silvius, whom had to accept the constant disappointments she gave him. When the truth about Ganymede becomes apparent to her, she tells Silvius â€Å"thy faith my fancy to thee doth combine† (V, iv, 155).She seems to change her perspective and begin to view Silvius' ersistence as commitment rather than desperation. The main problem with their relationship is that Phoebe would not have him, but In the end she does (even if she was tricked into D. So with that challenge surpassed, maybe they can begin to develop a healthy relationship. Although Silvius begins as a desperate character who cannot make a rational decision of self-preservation to stop loving the girl who will not have him. Phoebe has no reason to refuse Silvius, but one may speculate that she does it to feel more powerful.She emotionally abuses Silvius, but is it possible that she changes when she realizes how foolish she was to fall for Ganymede. This caused her to change her views on love and accept Silvius's commitment. Ridiculousness is not difficult to find in Silvius and Phoebe's relationship. On the other hand, it can be argued the couple has something genuine at the foundation of their connection, so they may be able to have a successful marriage. Silvius and Phoebe's relationship is a great example of a t Of2 situation In wnlcn tne reader or aualence.

The End Of Easy Everything - 1024 Words

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Also, the acid fracking for copper: which some environmentalists maintain that these methods cause environmental damage and should not be permitted. Klare argues that discovery of a natural resource, for instance, oil, result to producers seeking and exploiting the most desirable, best quality and those closest to markets. Over time, these resources become scarce, of poorer quality, harder to extract and extend into the further away area from the market hence need for discovery of other means of obtaining the resource. These means may cause several problems, which may include; †¢ Changing to otherShow MoreRelatedThe End Of Easy Everything1052 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the major issues in global affairs today consists of the supply of energy and other minerals and commodities. Michael Klare in â€Å"The End of Easy Everything† argues that the transformation from an effortless to a more resilient resource period will be financially, environmentally, socially, and politically costly. 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